Mathematics Learning

Semester 1 units

1. Numbers (0–9)
2. Addition
3. Subtraction
4. Money

Lessons / Concepts

• Counting objects
• Numbers 0 to 9
• Number names
• Counting and identifying objects
• Comparing quantities
• Equal and unequal groups
• Before, between and after numbers
• Bigger and smaller numbers
• Writing and reading numbers

Lessons / Concepts

• Understanding addition
• One more than a number
• Addition using objects
• Addition within 9
• Horizontal addition
• Vertical addition
• Addition symbol (+)
• Simple addition problems

Lessons / Concepts

• Understanding subtraction
• One less than a number
• Taking away objects
• Subtraction within 9
• Horizontal subtraction
• Vertical subtraction
• Subtraction symbol (−)
• Simple subtraction problems

Lessons / Concepts

• Recognising coins
• Recognising currency notes
• Rupees and paise
• Identifying different denominations
• Using money in everyday situations
• Buying simple items
• Giving/tendering money up to ₹20

Semester 2 Units

5. Numbers (10–99)
6. Measurements
7. Time
8. Patterns
9. How Many?

Lessons / Concepts

• Counting beyond 9
• Numbers from 10 to 99
• Counting objects in groups
• Number names
• Comparing numbers
• Equal numbers
• Before, between and after
• Bigger and smaller numbers
• Tens and ones
• Number patterns

Lessons / Concepts

• Comparing lengths
• Longer and shorter
• Taller and shorter
• Heavier and lighter
• More and less
• Comparing capacity
• Estimating length
• Estimating weight
• Estimating volume
• Non-standard units of measurement

Lessons / Concepts

• Understanding time
• Morning
• Afternoon
• Evening
• Night
• Events in daily life
• Understanding the sequence of daily activities

Lessons / Concepts

• Identifying patterns
• Shape patterns
• Repeating patterns
• Growing patterns
• Completing patterns
• Creating simple patterns

Lessons / Concepts

• Counting objects
• Addition within 20
• Horizontal addition
• Vertical addition
• Subtraction within 9
• Horizontal subtraction
• Vertical subtraction
• Comparing numbers
• Equal numbers
• Before, between and after numbers
• Bigger and smaller numbers

Lessons / Concepts

1. Numbers up to 99
2. Counting in tens and ones
3. Tens and ones
4. Place value
5. Face value
6. Expanded form of numbers
7. Short form of numbers
8. Number names
9. Comparing two-digit numbers
10. Ascending and descending order
11. Before, between and after
12. Rounding numbers to the nearest ten
13. Representing numbers using objects and base-ten blocks

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding addition
2. Addition using objects and pictures
3. Addition on a number strip
4. Addition of two-digit numbers
5. Addition without regrouping
6. Addition with regrouping
7. Vertical addition
8. Addition in daily-life situations
9. Addition word problems
10. Finding and correcting mistakes
11. Money-based addition problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding subtraction
2. Subtraction using objects and pictures
3. Subtraction on a number strip
4. Subtraction of two-digit numbers
5. Subtraction without regrouping
6. Subtraction with regrouping
7. Vertical subtraction
8. Subtraction in daily-life situations
9. Subtraction word problems
10. Checking subtraction using addition
11. Finding and correcting mistakes

Lessons / Concepts

1. Numbers up to 999
2. Formation of 100
3. Counting in hundreds
4. Hundreds, tens and ones
5. Place value of three-digit numbers
6. Face value
7. Expanded form
8. Short form
9. Number names
10. Comparing three-digit numbers
11. Ascending and descending order
12. Forming numbers using given digits
13. Rounding numbers to the nearest hundred
14. Representing numbers using base-ten blocks
15. Money and change

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding equal groups
2. Counting equal groups
3. Repeated addition
4. Introduction to multiplication
5. Multiplication as equal groups
6. Multiplication using pictures
7. Multiplication using number patterns
8. Basic multiplication facts
9. Simple multiplication problems
10. Multiplication in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding sharing
2. Equal sharing
3. Making equal groups
4. Division through sharing
5. Division through grouping
6. Division using objects and pictures
7. Simple division situations
8. Relationship between multiplication and division
9. Division in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Identifying shapes around us
2. 2D shapes
3. 3D shapes
4. Circles, triangles, squares and rectangles
5. Recognising shapes in everyday objects
6. Comparing shapes
7. Sides and corners
8. Creating pictures using shapes
9. Simple shape patterns

Lessons / Concepts

1. Days of the week
2. Months of the year
3. Reading a calendar
4. Understanding dates
5. Sequencing daily activities
6. Understanding time
7. Reading time in hours
8. Connecting activities with time
9. Seasonal fruits and activities
10. Drawing clock hands for a given time

Lessons / Concepts

1. Comparing lengths
2. Longer and shorter
3. Measuring using non-standard units
4. Estimating length
5. Comparing weights
6. Heavier and lighter
7. Using a balance
8. Comparing capacity
9. More and less capacity
10. Measuring capacity using simple units
11. Measurement in everyday situations
12. Solving simple measurement problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Revision of numbers
2. Counting and number recognition
3. Place value
4. Comparing numbers
5. Before, between and after
6. Addition basics
7. Subtraction basics
8. Basic multiplication
9. Basic division
10. Revision through activities and problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Numbers up to 1,000
2. Hundreds, tens and ones
3. Place value
4. Face value
5. Number names
6. Expanded form
7. Standard form
8. Comparing numbers
9. Ascending order
10. Descending order
11. Before, between and after
12. Forming numbers using given digits
13. Number patterns
14. Everyday applications of numbers

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding addition
2. Addition using objects and pictures
3. Addition of two-digit numbers
4. Addition of three-digit numbers
5. Addition without regrouping
6. Addition with regrouping
7. Vertical addition
8. Addition using number lines
9. Estimating sums
10. Addition word problems
11. Addition in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding subtraction
2. Subtraction using objects and pictures
3. Subtraction of two-digit numbers
4. Subtraction of three-digit numbers
5. Subtraction without regrouping
6. Subtraction with regrouping
7. Vertical subtraction
8. Subtraction using number lines
9. Estimating differences
10. Subtraction word problems
11. Checking subtraction
12. Subtraction in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding multiplication
2. Equal groups
3. Repeated addition
4. Multiplication using pictures
5. Multiplication tables
6. Multiplication of one-digit numbers
7. Multiplication of two-digit numbers
8. Multiplication using arrays
9. Multiplication patterns
10. Multiplication word problems
11. Multiplication in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding sharing
2. Equal sharing
3. Making equal groups
4. Division as sharing
5. Division as grouping
6. Division using objects
7. Division using pictures
8. Simple division facts
9. Relationship between multiplication and division
10. Division word problems
11. Division in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Collecting information
2. Organising information
3. Reading tables
4. Making simple tables
5. Understanding pictographs
6. Reading pictographs
7. Creating pictographs
8. Comparing information
9. Answering questions from data
10. Simple data-based problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Equal groups
2. Sharing objects equally
3. Division through equal sharing
4. Division through grouping
5. Understanding remainders
6. Simple division problems
7. Division using number lines
8. Connecting multiplication and division
9. Solving everyday sharing problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Identifying shapes around us
2. 2D shapes
3. 3D shapes
4. Circles
5. Triangles
6. Squares
7. Rectangles
8. Sides and corners
9. Comparing different shapes
10. Shapes in everyday objects
11. Creating pictures using shapes
12. Shape patterns

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding measurement
2. Comparing lengths
3. Longer and shorter
4. Measuring length
5. Centimetre
6. Metre
7. Comparing weights
8. Heavier and lighter
9. Measuring weight
10. Comparing capacity
11. More and less capacity
12. Measuring capacity
13. Estimation
14. Measurement in everyday life
15. Solving measurement problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Revision of numbers
2. Reading and writing numbers
3. Place value
4. Face value
5. Expanded and standard forms
6. Comparing numbers
7. Ascending and descending order
8. Addition
9. Subtraction
10. Multiplication
11. Division
12. Basic problem solving

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding large numbers
2. Numbers up to 10,000
3. Numbers beyond 10,000
4. Place value
5. Face value
6. Number names
7. Expanded form
8. Standard form
9. Comparing large numbers
10. Ascending and descending order
11. Forming numbers using digits
12. Number patterns
13. Rounding numbers
14. Everyday applications of large numbers

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding addition
2. Addition of large numbers
3. Addition without regrouping
4. Addition with regrouping
5. Vertical addition
6. Estimating sums
7. Checking addition
8. Addition using money
9. Addition word problems
10. Real-life applications of addition

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding subtraction
2. Subtraction of large numbers
3. Subtraction without regrouping
4. Subtraction with regrouping
5. Vertical subtraction
6. Estimating differences
7. Checking subtraction
8. Subtraction using money
9. Subtraction word problems
10. Real-life applications of subtraction

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding multiplication
2. Multiplication as repeated addition
3. Multiplication tables
4. Multiplication by one-digit numbers
5. Multiplication by two-digit numbers
6. Multiplication by three-digit numbers
7. Multiplication with regrouping
8. Estimating products
9. Multiplication using money
10. Multiplication word problems
11. Real-life applications of multiplication

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding division
2. Division as equal sharing
3. Division as grouping
4. Division using repeated subtraction
5. Division facts
6. Division by one-digit numbers
7. Long division
8. Division with and without remainder
9. Checking division using multiplication
10. Division word problems
11. Real-life applications of division

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding shapes
2. 2D shapes
3. 3D shapes
4. Points and lines
5. Line segments
6. Rays
7. Curved and straight lines
8. Angles
9. Types of angles
10. Identifying shapes around us
11. Symmetry
12. Patterns using shapes

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding data
2. Collecting information
3. Organising data
4. Reading tables
5. Creating tables
6. Tally marks
7. Pictographs
8. Reading pictographs
9. Creating pictographs
10. Bar graphs – Introduction
11. Reading simple bar graphs
12. Answering questions using data

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding fractions
2. Fractions as equal parts
3. Numerator and denominator
4. Reading and writing fractions
5. Fractions using pictures
6. Fractions of a collection
7. Comparing simple fractions
8. Equivalent fractions – Introduction
9. Proper fractions
10. Fractions in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding measurement
2. Measuring length
3. Centimetre and metre
4. Kilometre
5. Converting simple units of length
6. Measuring weight
7. Gram and kilogram
8. Measuring capacity
9. Millilitre and litre
10. Comparing measurements
11. Estimation
12. Time and measurement
13. Money and measurement
14. Solving measurement problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Revision of numbers
2. Place value
3. Face value
4. Number names
5. Expanded and standard forms
6. Comparing numbers
7. Ascending and descending order
8. Addition
9. Subtraction
10. Multiplication
11. Division
12. Fractions – basic revision
13. Measurement – basic revision
14. Time and money – revision
15. Solving everyday mathematical problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Large numbers
2. Indian system of numeration
3. International system of numeration
4. Place value in large numbers
5. Reading and writing large numbers
6. Number names
7. Expanded form
8. Standard form
9. Commas in the Indian system
10. Commas in the International system
11. Comparing large numbers
12. Ascending and descending order
13. Forming numbers using given digits
14. Number patterns
15. Estimation and rounding
16. Real-life applications of large numbers

Lessons / Concepts

1. Addition of large numbers
2. Subtraction of large numbers
3. Addition up to 6 digits
4. Subtraction up to 6 digits
5. Addition with regrouping
6. Subtraction with regrouping
7. Addition and subtraction facts
8. Checking addition and subtraction
9. Estimation of sums
10. Estimation of differences
11. Cost Price and Selling Price
12. Profit and Loss
13. Addition and subtraction word problems
14. Money-related problems
15. Real-life applications

Lessons / Concepts

1. Multiplication of large numbers
2. Multiplication by one-digit numbers
3. Multiplication by two-digit numbers
4. Multiplication by three-digit numbers
5. Properties of multiplication
6. Commutative property
7. Associative property
8. Distributive property
9. Estimating products
10. Division of large numbers
11. Division by one-digit numbers
12. Division by two-digit numbers
13. Quotient and remainder
14. Estimating quotients
15. Relationship between multiplication and division
16. Checking division using multiplication
17. Multiplication and division word problems
18. Real-life applications

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding multiples
2. Finding multiples of a number
3. Common multiples
4. Understanding factors
5. Finding factors of a number
6. Factor pairs
7. Common factors
8. Prime numbers
9. Composite numbers
10. Prime numbers up to 100
11. Divisibility rules
12. Divisibility by 2
13. Divisibility by 3
14. Divisibility by 5
15. Divisibility by 10
16. Divisibility by other numbers
17. Highest Common Factor (HCF)
18. Least Common Multiple (LCM)
19. LCM and HCF word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to geometry
2. Point
3. Line
4. Line segment
5. Ray
6. Straight and curved lines
7. Open and closed figures
8. Angles
9. Types of angles
10. Right angle
11. Acute angle
12. Obtuse angle
13. Measuring angles
14. Symmetry
15. Line symmetry
16. Rotational symmetry
17. Half-turn and quarter-turn
18. Geometrical patterns
19. Perimeter
20. Introduction to area
21. Estimating area

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding data
2. Collecting data
3. Organising data
4. Reading tables
5. Creating tables
6. Tally marks
7. Frequency tables
8. Pictographs
9. Reading pictographs
10. Creating pictographs
11. Bar graphs
12. Reading bar graphs
13. Creating simple bar graphs
14. Comparing data
15. Answering questions from graphs
16. Data-based word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding fractions
2. Numerator and denominator
3. Proper fractions
4. Improper fractions
5. Mixed fractions
6. Equivalent fractions
7. Comparing fractions
8. Ordering fractions
9. Fractions on a number line
10. Addition of fractions
11. Subtraction of fractions
12. Fractions of a quantity
13. Converting between mixed and improper fractions
14. Fraction word problems
15. Fractions in everyday life

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding measurement
2. Units of length
3. Millimetre
4. Centimetre
5. Metre
6. Kilometre
7. Converting units of length
8. Addition and subtraction of measurements
9. Multiplication of measurements
10. Division of measurements
11. Units of weight
12. Gram and kilogram
13. Units of capacity
14. Litre and millilitre
15. Converting units of capacity
16. Estimation and measurement
17. Measurement word problems
18. Real-life applications of measurement

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding time
2. Reading a clock
3. Hours and minutes
4. Seconds
5. 12-hour clock
6. 24-hour clock
7. Converting hours and minutes
8. Converting minutes and seconds
9. Reading schedules
10. Understanding duration
11. Finding the starting time
12. Finding the ending time
13. Finding the time difference
14. Calendar
15. Days, weeks and months
16. Solving time-based problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to numbers
2. Large numbers
3. Reading and writing large numbers
4. Place value
5. Face value
6. Indian system of numeration
7. Number names
8. Expanded form
9. Comparing numbers
10. Ascending and descending order
11. Forming numbers using digits
12. Estimation
13. Rounding off numbers
14. Roman numerals
15. Using numbers in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Natural numbers
2. Whole numbers
3. Number line
4. Successor of a number
5. Predecessor of a number
6. Comparing whole numbers
7. Addition of whole numbers
8. Subtraction of whole numbers
9. Multiplication of whole numbers
10. Division of whole numbers
11. Properties of addition
12. Properties of multiplication
13. Distributive property
14. Patterns in whole numbers
15. Whole numbers in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Factors
2. Multiples
3. Common factors
4. Common multiples
5. Prime numbers
6. Composite numbers
7. Prime factorisation
8. Divisibility rules
9. Tests of divisibility
10. Highest Common Factor (HCF)
11. Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
12. Factor trees
13. Number patterns
14. Solving problems using factors and multiples

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to geometry
2. Point
3. Line
4. Line segment
5. Ray
6. Curved and straight lines
7. Intersecting lines
8. Parallel lines
9. Angles
10. Interior and exterior of an angle
11. Triangles
12. Quadrilaterals
13. Polygons
14. Circles
15. Identifying geometrical figures in everyday life

Lessons / Concepts

1. Measuring line segments
2. Comparing line segments
3. Understanding angles
4. Measuring angles
5. Using a protractor
6. Degree as a unit of angle
7. Right angles
8. Acute angles
9. Obtuse angles
10. Straight angles
11. Reflex angles
12. Complete angle
13. Comparing angles
14. Constructing simple angles
15. Angles in everyday objects

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to integers
2. Positive integers
3. Negative integers
4. Zero
5. Representation of integers on a number line
6. Comparing integers
7. Ordering integers
8. Addition of integers
9. Subtraction of integers
10. Rules for addition and subtraction
11. Integers in real-life situations
12. Temperature and integers
13. Profit and loss using integers
14. Mathematical patterns with integers

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding fractions
2. Proper fractions
3. Improper fractions
4. Mixed fractions
5. Equivalent fractions
6. Comparing fractions
7. Ordering fractions
8. Addition of fractions
9. Subtraction of fractions
10. Multiplication of fractions
11. Understanding decimals
12. Place value in decimals
13. Comparing decimals
14. Addition of decimals
15. Subtraction of decimals
16. Multiplication of decimals
17. Fractions and decimals in everyday life

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding data
2. Collecting data
3. Organising data
4. Recording data
5. Tally marks
6. Frequency tables
7. Reading tables
8. Pictographs
9. Reading pictographs
10. Bar graphs
11. Reading bar graphs
12. Drawing simple bar graphs
13. Interpreting data
14. Answering questions using data
15. Data-based problem solving

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to algebra
2. Variables
3. Constants
4. Algebraic expressions
5. Using letters for numbers
6. Writing expressions
7. Evaluating simple expressions
8. Simple algebraic equations
9. Finding unknown numbers
10. Patterns and variables
11. Number patterns
12. Algebra in everyday situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding perimeter
2. Measuring perimeter
3. Perimeter of squares
4. Perimeter of rectangles
5. Perimeter of other simple figures
6. Understanding area
7. Measuring area
8. Square units
9. Area of squares
10. Area of rectangles
11. Finding missing dimensions
12. Relationship between length and area
13. Real-life applications of perimeter and area

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to ratio
2. Comparing quantities
3. Writing ratios
4. Equivalent ratios
5. Simplifying ratios
6. Ratio in simplest form
7. Understanding proportion
8. Equivalent proportions
9. Finding unknown quantities
10. Ratio in everyday situations
11. Word problems involving ratio and proportion

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding symmetry
2. Symmetrical figures
3. Line of symmetry
4. Finding lines of symmetry
5. Symmetry in letters
6. Symmetry in numbers
7. Symmetry in shapes
8. Symmetry in everyday objects
9. Creating symmetrical figures
10. Patterns using symmetry

Lessons / Concepts

1. Geometrical instruments
2. Using a ruler
3. Using a compass
4. Using a protractor
5. Drawing line segments
6. Measuring line segments
7. Drawing circles
8. Drawing angles
9. Constructing simple geometrical figures
10. Perpendicular lines
11. Parallel lines
12. Practical applications of geometry

Lessons / Concepts

1. 2D shapes
2. 3D shapes
3. Faces
4. Edges
5. Vertices
6. Cubes
7. Cuboids
8. Cylinders
9. Cones
10. Spheres
11. Nets of 3D shapes
12. Identifying 3D objects
13. Different views of 3D objects
14. 2D shapes obtained from 3D objects
15. Shapes in everyday life

Lessons / Concepts

1. Revision of integers
2. Positive and negative integers
3. Representation of integers on a number line
4. Comparing integers
5. Ordering integers
6. Addition of integers
7. Subtraction of integers
8. Rules for addition and subtraction
9. Multiplication of integers
10. Division of integers
11. Properties of integer operations
12. Using integers in real-life situations
13. Integer-based word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Revision of fractions
2. Proper and improper fractions
3. Mixed fractions
4. Equivalent fractions
5. Comparing fractions
6. Addition of fractions
7. Subtraction of fractions
8. Multiplication of fractions
9. Division of fractions
10. Decimal numbers
11. Place value of decimals
12. Comparing decimals
13. Addition of decimals
14. Subtraction of decimals
15. Multiplication of decimals
16. Division of decimals
17. Fractions and decimals in everyday situations
18. Word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding data
2. Collecting data
3. Organising data
4. Tally marks
5. Frequency tables
6. Reading tables
7. Pictographs
8. Bar graphs
9. Double bar graphs
10. Reading and interpreting graphs
11. Comparing data
12. Finding information from graphs
13. Representing data
14. Data-based problem solving

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to equations
2. Variables and constants
3. Expressions and equations
4. Understanding the equality sign
5. Simple equations
6. Solving equations using addition
7. Solving equations using subtraction
8. Solving equations using multiplication
9. Solving equations using division
10. Equations involving fractions
11. Checking solutions
12. Word problems using equations
13. Forming equations from situations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Revision of lines and angles
2. Types of lines
3. Intersecting lines
4. Parallel lines
5. Transversal
6. Types of angles
7. Complementary angles
8. Supplementary angles
9. Adjacent angles
10. Vertically opposite angles
11. Angles formed by parallel lines
12. Corresponding angles
13. Alternate angles
14. Interior angles
15. Solving angle problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to triangles
2. Parts of a triangle
3. Types of triangles based on sides
4. Types of triangles based on angles
5. Medians of a triangle
6. Altitudes of a triangle
7. Angle sum property
8. Exterior angle property
9. Relationship between sides and angles
10. Right-angled triangles
11. Triangle inequality
12. Solving problems involving triangles

Lessons / Concepts

1. Comparing quantities
2. Ratios
3. Equivalent ratios
4. Proportion
5. Percentage
6. Converting fractions to percentages
7. Converting decimals to percentages
8. Finding percentages
9. Profit and loss
10. Cost Price and Selling Price
11. Discount
12. Simple interest – introduction
13. Real-life applications
14. Word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to rational numbers
2. Positive and negative rational numbers
3. Representation on a number line
4. Comparing rational numbers
5. Ordering rational numbers
6. Equivalent rational numbers
7. Addition of rational numbers
8. Subtraction of rational numbers
9. Multiplication of rational numbers
10. Division of rational numbers
11. Properties of rational numbers
12. Rational numbers in real-life situations
13. Word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Revision of perimeter
2. Perimeter of rectangles
3. Perimeter of squares
4. Perimeter of triangles
5. Area of rectangles
6. Area of squares
7. Area of triangles
8. Area of parallelograms
9. Units of area
10. Conversion of units
11. Finding unknown dimensions
12. Applications of perimeter
13. Applications of area
14. Real-life problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to algebraic expressions
2. Variables
3. Constants
4. Terms
5. Coefficients
6. Like terms
7. Unlike terms
8. Monomials
9. Binomials
10. Polynomials
11. Addition of algebraic expressions
12. Subtraction of algebraic expressions
13. Simplifying expressions
14. Evaluating algebraic expressions
15. Word problems using algebraic expressions

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to exponents
2. Base and exponent
3. Writing repeated multiplication using powers
4. Laws of exponents
5. Multiplication of powers
6. Division of powers
7. Power of a power
8. Powers of 10
9. Standard form
10. Large numbers using powers
11. Negative powers – basic understanding
12. Applications of exponents

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding symmetry
2. Symmetrical figures
3. Line symmetry
4. Lines of symmetry
5. Symmetry in geometrical shapes
6. Symmetry in letters and numbers
7. Symmetry in everyday objects
8. Rotational symmetry
9. Order of rotational symmetry
10. Creating symmetrical designs
11. Symmetry-based activities

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to 3D shapes
2. Faces
3. Edges
4. Vertices
5. Cubes
6. Cuboids
7. Cylinders
8. Cones
9. Spheres
10. Nets of 3D shapes
11. Different views of 3D objects
12. Top view
13. Front view
14. Side view
15. Visualising objects from different perspectives
16. Identifying 3D shapes in everyday life

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to rational numbers
2. Positive and negative rational numbers
3. Rational numbers on the number line
4. Comparing rational numbers
5. Ordering rational numbers
6. Equivalent rational numbers
7. Standard form of rational numbers
8. Addition of rational numbers
9. Subtraction of rational numbers
10. Multiplication of rational numbers
11. Division of rational numbers
12. Properties of rational numbers
13. Rational numbers between two numbers
14. Applications of rational numbers
15. Rational number word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to linear equations
2. Variables and constants
3. Algebraic expressions
4. Understanding equations
5. Solving simple equations
6. Equations involving addition and subtraction
7. Equations involving multiplication and division
8. Equations with variables on both sides
9. Equations involving brackets
10. Equations involving fractions
11. Equations involving decimals
12. Checking solutions
13. Forming equations from word problems
14. Solving real-life problems using equations

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to quadrilaterals
2. Types of quadrilaterals
3. Properties of quadrilaterals
4. Understanding diagonals
5. Construction using ruler and compass
6. Constructing a quadrilateral using four sides
7. Constructing a quadrilateral using three sides and one diagonal
8. Constructing a quadrilateral using two diagonals and three sides
9. Construction using given angles
10. Checking geometrical constructions
11. Practical applications of quadrilateral construction

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to exponents
2. Base and exponent
3. Writing repeated multiplication using powers
4. Laws of exponents
5. Multiplication of powers
6. Division of powers
7. Power of a power
8. Powers with the same base
9. Powers of 10
10. Negative exponents
11. Standard form
12. Expressing large numbers using powers
13. Expressing small numbers using powers
14. Applications of exponents

Lessons / Concepts

1. Ratio and comparison
2. Equivalent ratios
3. Proportion
4. Direct proportion
5. Percentages
6. Converting fractions to percentages
7. Converting decimals to percentages
8. Finding percentages
9. Increase and decrease in percentage
10. Profit and loss
11. Cost Price and Selling Price
12. Discount
13. Marked Price
14. Simple interest
15. Applications of percentages
16. Real-life word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding square numbers
2. Perfect squares
3. Finding square roots
4. Square root using prime factorisation
5. Square root using long division
6. Estimating square roots
7. Understanding cube numbers
8. Perfect cubes
9. Finding cube roots
10. Cube root using prime factorisation
11. Patterns in squares and cubes
12. Applications of square roots
13. Applications of cube roots
14. Problem solving

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding data
2. Collecting data
3. Organising data
4. Raw data
5. Frequency
6. Frequency tables
7. Grouping data
8. Tally marks
9. Bar graphs
10. Double bar graphs
11. Histograms – introduction
12. Reading graphs
13. Drawing graphs
14. Comparing data
15. Interpreting graphs
16. Data-based problem solving

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to geometrical figures
2. Polygons
3. Regular and irregular polygons
4. Triangles and their properties
5. Quadrilaterals
6. Interior angles
7. Exterior angles
8. Angle sum property
9. Properties of quadrilaterals
10. Parallelogram
11. Rectangle
12. Square
13. Rhombus
14. Trapezium
15. Kite
16. Geometrical patterns

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding area
2. Units of area
3. Area of rectangles
4. Area of squares
5. Area of triangles
6. Area of parallelograms
7. Area of trapeziums
8. Area of irregular figures
9. Finding unknown dimensions
10. Relationship between area and dimensions
11. Conversion of area units
12. Applications of area
13. Real-life problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding proportion
2. Direct proportion
3. Identifying direct proportion
4. Solving direct proportion problems
5. Real-life examples of direct proportion
6. Inverse proportion
7. Identifying inverse proportion
8. Solving inverse proportion problems
9. Comparing direct and inverse proportion
10. Tables and graphs
11. Word problems
12. Applications in everyday life

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to algebraic expressions
2. Variables
3. Constants
4. Terms
5. Coefficients
6. Like terms
7. Unlike terms
8. Monomials
9. Binomials
10. Polynomials
11. Addition of algebraic expressions
12. Subtraction of algebraic expressions
13. Multiplication of algebraic expressions
14. Simplifying expressions
15. Evaluating expressions
16. Algebraic identities – introduction
17. Word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to factorisation
2. Factors of algebraic expressions
3. Common factors
4. Taking common factors
5. Factorisation by grouping
6. Factorisation using identities
7. Difference of two squares
8. Factorisation of simple expressions
9. Factorisation of algebraic expressions
10. Checking factorisation
11. Applications of factorisation
12. Practice problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding 3D objects
2. Faces, edges and vertices
3. 2D views of 3D objects
4. Front view
5. Side view
6. Top view
7. Different perspectives
8. Nets of 3D shapes
9. Cubes and cuboids
10. Cylinders
11. Cones
12. Identifying shapes from views
13. Drawing 3D objects on paper
14. Real-life applications

Lessons / Concepts

1. Understanding surface area
2. Understanding volume
3. Units of surface area
4. Units of volume
5. Surface area of cubes
6. Surface area of cuboids
7. Volume of cubes
8. Volume of cuboids
9. Capacity and volume
10. Conversion of volume units
11. Finding missing dimensions
12. Applications of surface area
13. Applications of volume
14. Real-life word problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Number patterns
2. Divisibility
3. Divisibility rules
4. Factors and multiples
5. Prime and composite numbers
6. Number puzzles
7. Digit patterns
8. Forming numbers using digits
9. General patterns in numbers
10. Mathematical puzzles
11. Exploring number relationships
12. Problem solving

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Number Systems
2. Natural Numbers
3. Whole Numbers
4. Integers
5. Rational Numbers
6. Irrational Numbers
7. Real Numbers
8. Representation of Real Numbers on the Number Line
9. Decimal Expansions of Rational Numbers
10. Decimal Expansions of Irrational Numbers
11. Laws of Exponents
12. Rationalisation of Real Numbers
13. Surds – Basic Understanding
14. Properties of Real Numbers
15. Applications of Number Systems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Polynomials
2. Polynomial in One Variable
3. Terms, Coefficients and Constants
4. Degree of a Polynomial
5. Types of Polynomials
6. Linear Polynomials
7. Quadratic Polynomials
8. Cubic Polynomials
9. Value of a Polynomial
10. Zeros of a Polynomial
11. Geometrical Meaning of Zeros
12. Remainder Theorem
13. Factor Theorem
14. Factorisation of Polynomials
15. Algebraic Identities
16. Applications of Algebraic Identities

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Coordinate Geometry
2. Cartesian Plane
3. Coordinate Axes
4. Origin
5. x-coordinate and y-coordinate
6. Ordered Pairs
7. Plotting Points
8. Quadrants
9. Coordinates of Points on the Axes
10. Coordinates of Points in Different Quadrants
11. Reading Coordinates from a Graph
12. Plotting Points on the Cartesian Plane
13. Applications of Coordinate Geometry

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Linear Equations
2. Linear Equations in One Variable – Revision
3. Linear Equations in Two Variables
4. Standard Form of a Linear Equation
5. Solutions of Linear Equations
6. Ordered Pairs as Solutions
7. Finding Solutions of an Equation
8. Graphical Representation
9. Plotting Solutions on the Cartesian Plane
10. Graph of a Linear Equation
11. Relationship Between Equation and Graph
12. Applications of Linear Equations
13. Word Problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry
2. Euclid and Geometry
3. Basic Geometrical Concepts
4. Definitions
5. Axioms
6. Postulates
7. Euclid’s Five Postulates
8. Equivalent Versions of Euclid’s Fifth Postulate
9. Understanding Geometrical Statements
10. Basic Geometrical Reasoning
11. Using Axioms and Postulates
12. Mathematical Proofs
13. Applications of Euclidean Geometry

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Lines and Angles
2. Types of Lines
3. Line Segments and Rays
4. Types of Angles
5. Adjacent Angles
6. Linear Pair of Angles
7. Vertically Opposite Angles
8. Parallel Lines
9. Transversal
10. Angles Formed by a Transversal
11. Corresponding Angles
12. Alternate Interior Angles
13. Interior Angles on the Same Side of the Transversal
14. Properties of Parallel Lines
15. Angle Relationships
16. Solving Problems Using Angle Properties
17. Applications of Lines and Angles

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Triangles
2. Parts of a Triangle
3. Types of Triangles
4. Congruence of Triangles
5. Congruence Criteria
6. Side-Side-Side (SSS)
7. Side-Angle-Side (SAS)
8. Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)
9. Angle-Angle-Side (AAS)
10. Right Angle-Hypotenuse-Side (RHS)
11. Properties of Congruent Triangles
12. Isosceles Triangles
13. Properties of Isosceles Triangles
14. Inequalities in a Triangle
15. Relationship Between Sides and Angles
16. Solving Problems Using Triangle Properties

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Quadrilaterals
2. Types of Quadrilaterals
3. Properties of Quadrilaterals
4. Angle Sum Property
5. Parallelogram
6. Properties of a Parallelogram
7. Conditions for a Quadrilateral to be a Parallelogram
8. Rectangle
9. Rhombus
10. Square
11. Trapezium
12. Kite
13. Diagonals of Quadrilaterals
14. Midpoint Concepts
15. Problems Based on Quadrilateral Properties

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Circles
2. Parts of a Circle
3. Centre
4. Radius
5. Diameter
6. Chord
7. Arc
8. Sector
9. Segment
10. Position of a Point Relative to a Circle
11. Equal Chords
12. Perpendicular from Centre to a Chord
13. Angle Subtended by a Chord
14. Angles in the Same Segment
15. Cyclic Quadrilaterals
16. Properties and Theorems of Circles
17. Solving Problems Using Circle Properties

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Heron’s Formula
2. Area of a Triangle
3. Semi-Perimeter
4. Heron’s Formula
5. Finding Area When Three Sides Are Known
6. Applying Heron’s Formula
7. Area of an Isosceles Triangle
8. Area of an Equilateral Triangle
9. Area of Quadrilaterals Using Triangles
10. Real-Life Applications
11. Word Problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Surface Area and Volume
2. Surface Area of a Cube
3. Surface Area of a Cuboid
4. Volume of a Cube
5. Volume of a Cuboid
6. Surface Area of a Cylinder
7. Curved Surface Area of a Cylinder
8. Total Surface Area of a Cylinder
9. Volume of a Cylinder
10. Surface Area of a Cone
11. Curved Surface Area of a Cone
12. Total Surface Area of a Cone
13. Slant Height of a Cone
14. Volume of a Cone
15. Surface Area of a Sphere
16. Volume of a Sphere
17. Hemisphere
18. Surface Area of a Hemisphere
19. Volume of a Hemisphere
20. Applications of Surface Area and Volume
21. Real-Life Word Problems

Lessons / Concepts

1. Introduction to Statistics
2. Collection of Data
3. Organisation of Data
4. Raw Data
5. Frequency
6. Frequency Distribution
7. Grouped Data
8. Ungrouped Data
9. Tabular Representation of Data
10. Graphical Representation
11. Bar Graphs
12. Histograms
13. Frequency Polygons
14. Reading and Interpreting Graphs
15. Comparing Data
16. Solving Problems Using Data